César E. Chávez [1927-93] Page at Spirit of America Bookstore

        César Estrada Chávez was born 31 March 1927 on the family farm ouside Yuma, Arizona. A drought when César was 15 years old caused the loss of the farm, and the family became migrant farm workers in Arizona & California. He joined the Navy in 1944 at 17, and married Helen Fabela in 1948 in Delano, California. They settled in San Jose, California where César met Fred Ross, Sr. Ross founded the Community Service Organization in California in 1949, and enlisted talented young organizers Cesar Chavez & Dolores Huerta to develop a network of organizations in Mexican American communities.
        In 1962, César left C.S.O. and moved with his wife & eight children back to Delano, and founded the National Farm Workers Association. In 1965, the N.F.W.A. joined a strike against the Delano area grape growers initiated by the AFL-CIO's Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee; the two groups merged to form the United Farm Workers of America. The five-year strike and boycott was supported by labor unions, churches, students & minority groups throughout the USA; by 1970, most growers had signed contracts with the UFW. Time Magazine printed a cover story about César Chávez and La Causa on 4 July 1969 {image below}.
        But in 1973, the growers attempted to force the farmworkers to sign new contracts, sparking the largest farm labor strike in American history. In 1975, California passed a collective bargaining law that extended labor union protection to farm workers. California grape growers continued to refuse to honor contract agreements until November 2000, when the boycott against California table grapes was ended. The results produced by César Chávez & Dolores Huerta and the members of the U.F.W. include health benefits for workers & their families, a credit union, and the first union contracts requiring rest periods, clean drinking water & protection against pesticide exposure.

César continued his nonviolent protest work, organizing strikes & boycotts for higher wages and against illegal immigration & toxic pesticides. In 1991, Mexico gave César Chávez the Aguila Azteca Award. César Chávez died on 23 April 1993 of unspecified natural causes in San Luis, Arizona. Thirty-five thousand people attended his funeral in Delano, California.
His birthday is celebrated in California as a state holiday, with lesser holidays enacted in Texas, Arizona & Colorado. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian honor, by President Clinton in 1994; a U.S. commemorative stamp was issued in 2003 {image below}.

"The Fight In The Fields: Cesar Chavez & The Farmworkers' Struggle"
[I.T.V.S./P.B.S. documentary April 1997]

Co-produced, co-written & co-directed by Rick Tejada-Flores & Ray Telles; interviewees include Jerry Brown, Helen Chavez, Paul Chavez, Richard Chavez, Dolores Huerta, Ethel Kennedy, Roger Cardinal Mahony, Arturo Rodríguez, Linda Chávez Rodríguez & Luis Valdez, with archive footage of Cesar Chavez & Robert F. Kennedy
videos/DVDs not available at Amazon or B&N (2008)
full credits from IMDb • PBS official movie site

"The Fight In The Fields: Cesar Chavez & The Farmworkers Movement"
[1997] by Susan Ferriss & Ricardo Sandoval, edited by Diana Hembree
includes a Foreword by Gary Soto & guest essays by Rudolfo Anaya, Delores Huerta, Peter Matthiessen, Carey McWilliams, Alfredo Véa Jr. and Victor Villaseñor
HBJ/Harvest 9x7½ pb [4/98] for $10.88
Harcourt 9x7½ hardcover [5/97] out of print/many used

U.F.W. & co-founder Dolores Huerta

portrait of labor organizer Dolores Huerta (red dress)

        Dolores Chavez Huerta was born 10 April 1930, and raised in Stockton, California. In 1955, she co-founded the Sacramento chapter of the Community Service Organization, and in 1962 co-founded the National Farm Workers Association with César Chávez, which later became the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee and still later, the U.F.W.
        She has been arrested twenty-two times for participating in non-violent civil disobedience activities and strikes. In September 1988, she was severely beaten by San Francisco police officers during a peaceful & lawful protest in front of the Sir Francis Drake Hotel – a beating so severe that her spleen was removed in emergency surgery. The beating was caught on videotape and broadcast widely on local television news; later, she won a large judgment against the S.F.P.D. and the City of San Francisco, and the proceeds were used to benefit farm workers.
        She has been married and divorced twice, and has 11 children.
        In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

	"Cesar Chavez and The Common Sense of Nonviolence" [2008] by José-Antonio Orosco Univ NM Press 9¼x6¼ hardcover [4/2008] for $18.96
	"César Chávez: The Struggle For Justice - La Lucha por La Justicia" [grades 2-4; 2008] large-sized bilingual picture-book by Richard Griswold del Castillo, translated by Jose Juan Colin, illustrated by Anthony Accardo Arte Publico / Pinata Books 11x8½ pb [2/2008] for $7.95
	"American Workers Series: Cesar Chavez" [2007] by Jeff C. Young Morgan Reynolds Publng 9x6¼ library hardcover [4/2007] for $27.95
	"César Chávez" (Graphic Biographies) [ages 9-12; 2005] by Elizabeth Hudson-Goff, Kerri O'Hern & Jonatha A. Brown; illustrated by D. McHargue Gareth Stevens Publng 9½x7¼ pb [12/2005] for $8.95 Gareth Stevens Publng library hardcover [12/2005] for $26.60
	"Cesar Chavez: A Biography" [2005] by Roger Bruns Greenwood Press 9½x6 hardcover [9/2005] for $31.95
	"Harvesting Hope: The Story of Cesar Chavez" [grades 3-6; 2003] by Kathleen Krull, illustrated by Yuyi Morales Harcourt Children's Books 9x11 hardcover [3/2003] for $11.56 "Cosechando Esperanza: La Historia de Cesar Chavez" [2004] Libros Viajeros 9x11 Spanish-language pb [8/2004] for $7.00
	"Cesar Chavez: A Hero For Everyone" [ages 9-12; 2003] by Xicano poet Gary Soto, illustrated by Lori Lohstoeter Milestone/Aladdin 7½x5¼ pb [9/2003] for $3.99 Topeka Bindery 7½x5 library hardcover [9/2003] for $10.50 author's official website
	"The Moral Vision of César Chávez" [2003] by Frederick John Dalton Orbis Books 9x6 pb [2/2003] for $15.00
	"Remembering Cesar: The Legacy of Cesar Chavez" [2000] Compiled by Ann McGregor, edited by Cindy Wathen, photographs by George Elfie Ballis 45 contributors, including Jerry Brown, Henry Cisneros, Coretta Scott King, Cardi- nal Roger Mahoney, Edward James Olmos, and Martin Sheen, and lesser-known folk – members of the Chavez family, U.F.W. staff, and individual farmworkers Quill Driver Books hardcover [12/2000] for $19.75
	"Elegy On The Death of César Chávez" [YA 2000] by Rudolfo Anaya, with illustrations by Gaspar Enriquez Cinco Puntos Press 8x6½ pb [4/2004] for $8.95 Cinco Puntos Press hardcover [10/2000] for $16.95
	"The Rhetorical Career of César Chávez" [1998] by John C. Hammerback & Richard J. Jensen Texas A&M Univ Press 9x6 pb [8/2003] for $17.95 Texas A&M Univ Press 9¼x6¼ hardcover [5/98] for $35.96
	"Cesar Chavez: A Photo-Illustrated Biography" [ages 4-8; 1997] by Lucile Davis Capstone Press 8x8 pb [8/99] for $6.75 Bridgestone Books 8½x8¼ library hardcover [9/97] for $18.60
	"Farmworker's Friend: The Story of Cesar Chavez" [ages 9-12; 1996] by David R. Collins CarolRhoda Books 9x6¾ pb [8/96] for $8.95 Topeka Bindery 9x6¾ library hardcover [12/2003] for $13.22 CarolRhoda Books 9¼x7¼ hardcover [8/96] for $31.93
	"César Chávez: A Triumph of Spirit" [1995] by Richard Griswold del Castillo & Richard A. Garcia Univ OK Press 8½x5½ pb [9/97] for $16.95 Univ OK Press 9x6 hardcover [9/95] out of print/used
	"Cesar Chavez: Autobiography of La Causa" [1975] by Jacques Levy [1927–2004] Univ MN Press 9x6 pb [8/2007] for $14.96 W.W. Norton hardcover [9/75] out of print/used

	"Dolores Huerta" (Contemporary Hispanic Americans Series) [1995] by Frank Perez Heinemann Library 9¼x6¼ pb [6/96] out of print/used Heinemann Library 9½x6¼ hardcover [10/95] out of print/used
	"Lighting The Way: Nine Women Who Changed Modern America" [2006 national bestseller] by Karenna Gore Schiff The fascinating stories of nine influential women of the XXth Century: Dolores Huerta (Chapter 7), as well as Gretchen Buchenholz, Septima Clark, Virginia Durr, Alice Hamilton, Mother Jones, Frances Perkins, Dr. Helen Rodriguez-Trias & Ida B. Wells-Barnett Miramax 9x6 pb [2/2007] for $12.21 Miramax 9¼x6 hardcover [2/2006] for $18.94
	"Delano: The Story of The California Grape Strike" [1967] by John Gregory Dunne, new Foreword by Ilan Stavans Univ CA Press 8x5½ pb [10/2007] for $14.36 FS&G hardcover[1/67] out of print/used
	"Huelga House" [2001 novel] by Bonnie Hearn (Hill) A murder mystery set in Delano during the grape strike of 1965. The son of a grape grower infiltrates the farm-workers union to investigate the murder of his sister. Salvo Press 8½x5¼ pb [7/2001] out of print/used author's official website {broken 7/2008}

	"The Words of Cesar Chavez" [2002] Edited by Richard J. Jensen & John C. Hammerback Texas A&M Univ Press 9x6 pb [5/2002] for $19.95 Texas A&M Univ Press 9½x6½ hardcover [5/2002] out of print/scarce
	"An Organizer's Tale: Speeches" [2008] by Cesar Chavez; edited & Introduction by Ilan Stavans Penguin Classics 7¾x5 pb [4/2008] for $12.00

	Produced by Hector Galán; narrated by Henry Cisneros; won Nosotros Golden Eagle Award video/DVD not available full credits from IMDb • producer website
	companion book [1996] by Francisco Arturo Rosales Arte Publico Press 11x8½ pb [9/97] for $16.47 Arte Publico Press 11½x9¼ hardcover [3/96] out of print/used

Spirit of America BookstoreCésar E. Chávez

Spirit of America Bookstore
César E. Chávez